As most people now realize, our society can no longer postpone serious consideration of how to respond to climate change. Most public attention has been focused on the issue of mitigation– that is, how to reduce greenhouse gas levels and by how much. However, society also needs to consider methods of adapting to climate change. Adaptation will not be cheap. While it is too early to make confident cost estimates, it is clear that the expense for the U.S. will reach the billions of dollars threshold annually over the next few decades.1 In addition, some of the harms of climate change cannot be avoided by adaptation, and these too may be expensive. (continue reading)